“Rate and Indications of Emergency Caesarean Section: A Retrospective Study”
Keywords:
Emergency caesarean section, Fetal distress, Non-progress of labour.
Abstract
Background: In obstetrics, Caesarean section is the most commonly performed surgery. The emergency caesarean rate is a major contributor to increased total caesarean section rates in recent times. This study was undertaken to know emergency caesarean section rate in a district hospital and the indications contributing to it.
Method: Socio-Demographic data for the emergency caesarean section deliveries and indications of emergency caesarean sections performed during a period of one year from January 2020 to December 2020 at The Apollo Medical College and Government district hospital, Chittoor were collected retrospectively.
Results: Among a total of 1432 women delivered by caesarean section during the study period, 804 (56.14%) were delivered by emergency caesarean section. Booked (742, 92.28%) Primigravida (480, 59.70%) Women 20 to 30 years old (664, 82.58%), studied up to metric (510, 63.43%), residing in rural area (713, 88.68%), belong to middle socioeconomic status (676, 84.07%) were the majority to undergo emergency CS. Fetal distress (31.96%) made the greatest contribution to the emergency CS rate followed by Non-Progress of labour (23.88%), Previous caesarean in labour (21.51%), Oligo-Hydramnious (8.33%), Chronic health conditions (4.97%) and Breech presentation in labour (4.85%).
Conclusions: As fetal distress and non-progress of labour are the most common indications of emergency caesarean section, there is a need to address these indications to bring down the emergency caesarean section rate.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
REFERENCES
1. Elvedi G, Klepac P, Peter B. Maternal and fetal outcome in elective versus emergency caesarean section in a developing country. Coll Antropol.2006;1(30):113-8.
2. Singh N, Pradeep Y, Jauhari S. Indications and Determinants of Cesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2020;10(4):280-285.
3. Ali M. Maternal and fetal outcome comparison between emergency and elective caesarean. Professional.2005;12(1):32-8.
4. Penna L, Arulkumaran S. Cesarean section for non-medical reasons. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics.2003;82:399–409.
5. Jain M, Patel A. A cross sectional study of rate, indications and complications of primary caesarean section. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2016;5:1814-9.
6. Levine EM, Ghai V, Barton JJ, Strom CM. Mode of delivery and the risk for respiratory diseases in newborns. Obstet Gynecol.2001;97:439-42.
7. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Classification of urgency of caesarean section: A continuum of risk. From: www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/good practice11classificationofurgency.pdf Accessed: Sep 2015.
8. Thakur V, Chiheriya H , Thakur A, Mourya S. Study of maternal and fetal outcome in elective and emergency caesarean section. Int J Med Res Rev.2015;3(11):1300-1305.
9. Benzouina S, Boubkraoui Mel-M, Mrabet M, Chahid N, Kharbach A, El-Hassani A, Barkat A. Fetal outcome in emergency versus elective cesarean sections at Souissi Maternity Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Pan Afr Med J.2016;23:197.
10. Darnal N, Dangal G. Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Emergency versus Elective Caesarean Section. J Nepal Health Res Counc.2020;18(2):186-189.
11. Jain SM, Thool K, Shivkumar PV, Jain MA. Study of sociodemographic factors of women undergoing caesarean section in tertiary care centre of rural area of central India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2019;8:4757-61.
12. Reddy KM, Lakshmi Sailaja P, Kodimala SC, Pathakamudi P, Betha K. Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in a rural tertiary teaching hospital: A 6-year retrospective study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynaecol.2019;8:560–5.
13. Radha, K., Prameela Devi, G. and Manjula, R.V. Study on rising trends of caesarean section (c-section): a bio-sociological effect. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS).2015;14(8):10-13.
14. International Institute for Population Sciences and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16. IIPS, Mumbai, India. 2017. Available from: https:// dhsprogram.com/pubs /pdf/FR339/FR330.pdf. 2019.
15. Aminu M, Utz B, Halim A, van den Broek N. Reasons for performing a caesarean section in public hospitals in rural Bangladesh. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.2014;14:130.
16. Bayrampour H, Heaman M. Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review. Birth.2010;37(3):219-26.
17. Kathuria B, Sherin Raj TP. Regional Disparities and Determinants of Caesarean Deliveries in India. Ind J Youth Adol Health.2020;7(4):15-23.
18. Chayan Roy Choudhury. Caesarean birth :The Indian scenario:research scholar journal 2008,1-28. available from:URL:http://paa 2008.princeton. edu/ download.
19. Singh P, Hashmi G, Swain PK. High prevalence of caesarean section births in private sector health facilities- analysis of district level household survey-4 (DLHS-4) of India. BMC Public Health.2018;18:613.
20. Kang L, Gu H, Ye S, Xu B, Jing K, Zhang N, Zhang B. Rural–urban disparities in caesarean section rates in minority areas in China: evidence from electronic health records. Journal of International Medical Research.2019;48(2):1–13.
21. Singh N, Pradeep Y, Jauhari S. Indications and Determinants of Cesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2020;10(4):280-285.
22. Patel RV, Gosalia EV, Deliwala KJ et al. Indications and trends of caesarean birth delivery in the current practice scenario. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2014;3(3):575-80.
23. Srivastava S, Chaursaia H, Singh KHJK et al. Exploring the spatial patterns of cesarean section delivery in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2020;8:414-22.
24. Gangwar R, Chaudhary S. Caesarean Section for Foetal Distress and Correlation with Perinatal Outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2016;66(1):177-180.
25. Desai G, Anand A, Modi D, Shah S, Shah K, Shah A, et al. Rates, indications, and outcomes of caesarean section deliveries: A comparison of tribal and non-tribal women in Gujarat, India. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189260.
26. Abebe FE, Gebeyehu AW, Kidane AN, Eyassu GA. Factors leading to cesarean section delivery at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review. Reprod Health.2016;13(1):6.
27. Mittal S, Pardeshi S, Mayadeo N, Mane J. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India.2014;64(4):251–254.
28. Ethiraj, G., Ramachandra, A., & Rajan, S. Induction of Labor and Risk for Emergency Cesarean Section in Women at Term Pregnancy. Journal Of Clinical Gynecology And Obstetrics.2019;8(1),17-20.
29. Elvedi-Gasparović V, Klepac-Pulanić T, Peter B. Maternal and fetal outcome in elective versus emergency caesarean section in a developing country. Coll Antropol.2006;30(1):113-8.
30. Leung WC, Pun TC, Wong WM. Undiagnosed breech revisited. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.1999;106(7):638–41.
31. Wastlund D, Moraitis AA, Dacey A, Sovio U, Wilson ECF, Smith GCS.Screening for breech presentation using universal late-pregnancy ultrasonography: A prospective cohort study and cost effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med.2019;16(4): 1-16.
32. Sultana A, Faisal M, Iqbal R, Javaid K, Khalid MB, Khalid MA. Indications of Emergency vs Elective Cesarean Section: Cross-sectional Study done at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae.2017;9(1):14-17.
33. Gibbons C, O'Herlihy C, Murphy JF. Umbilical cord prolapse--changing patterns and improved outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG.2014;121(13):1705-8.
34. Sayed Ahmed WA, Hamdy MA. Optimal management of umbilical cord prolapse. Int J Womens Health.2018;10:459-465.
35. Pillai SA, Vaidyanathan G, Al-Shukri M, AlDughaishi TR, Tazneem S, Khan D, El-Tayeb S and Mathew M. Decisions to perform emergency caesarean sections at a university hospital: do obstetricians agree? Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J.2016;16:42-46.
1. Elvedi G, Klepac P, Peter B. Maternal and fetal outcome in elective versus emergency caesarean section in a developing country. Coll Antropol.2006;1(30):113-8.
2. Singh N, Pradeep Y, Jauhari S. Indications and Determinants of Cesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2020;10(4):280-285.
3. Ali M. Maternal and fetal outcome comparison between emergency and elective caesarean. Professional.2005;12(1):32-8.
4. Penna L, Arulkumaran S. Cesarean section for non-medical reasons. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics.2003;82:399–409.
5. Jain M, Patel A. A cross sectional study of rate, indications and complications of primary caesarean section. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2016;5:1814-9.
6. Levine EM, Ghai V, Barton JJ, Strom CM. Mode of delivery and the risk for respiratory diseases in newborns. Obstet Gynecol.2001;97:439-42.
7. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Classification of urgency of caesarean section: A continuum of risk. From: www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/good practice11classificationofurgency.pdf Accessed: Sep 2015.
8. Thakur V, Chiheriya H , Thakur A, Mourya S. Study of maternal and fetal outcome in elective and emergency caesarean section. Int J Med Res Rev.2015;3(11):1300-1305.
9. Benzouina S, Boubkraoui Mel-M, Mrabet M, Chahid N, Kharbach A, El-Hassani A, Barkat A. Fetal outcome in emergency versus elective cesarean sections at Souissi Maternity Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Pan Afr Med J.2016;23:197.
10. Darnal N, Dangal G. Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Emergency versus Elective Caesarean Section. J Nepal Health Res Counc.2020;18(2):186-189.
11. Jain SM, Thool K, Shivkumar PV, Jain MA. Study of sociodemographic factors of women undergoing caesarean section in tertiary care centre of rural area of central India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2019;8:4757-61.
12. Reddy KM, Lakshmi Sailaja P, Kodimala SC, Pathakamudi P, Betha K. Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in a rural tertiary teaching hospital: A 6-year retrospective study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynaecol.2019;8:560–5.
13. Radha, K., Prameela Devi, G. and Manjula, R.V. Study on rising trends of caesarean section (c-section): a bio-sociological effect. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS).2015;14(8):10-13.
14. International Institute for Population Sciences and ICF. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16. IIPS, Mumbai, India. 2017. Available from: https:// dhsprogram.com/pubs /pdf/FR339/FR330.pdf. 2019.
15. Aminu M, Utz B, Halim A, van den Broek N. Reasons for performing a caesarean section in public hospitals in rural Bangladesh. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.2014;14:130.
16. Bayrampour H, Heaman M. Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review. Birth.2010;37(3):219-26.
17. Kathuria B, Sherin Raj TP. Regional Disparities and Determinants of Caesarean Deliveries in India. Ind J Youth Adol Health.2020;7(4):15-23.
18. Chayan Roy Choudhury. Caesarean birth :The Indian scenario:research scholar journal 2008,1-28. available from:URL:http://paa 2008.princeton. edu/ download.
19. Singh P, Hashmi G, Swain PK. High prevalence of caesarean section births in private sector health facilities- analysis of district level household survey-4 (DLHS-4) of India. BMC Public Health.2018;18:613.
20. Kang L, Gu H, Ye S, Xu B, Jing K, Zhang N, Zhang B. Rural–urban disparities in caesarean section rates in minority areas in China: evidence from electronic health records. Journal of International Medical Research.2019;48(2):1–13.
21. Singh N, Pradeep Y, Jauhari S. Indications and Determinants of Cesarean Section: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.2020;10(4):280-285.
22. Patel RV, Gosalia EV, Deliwala KJ et al. Indications and trends of caesarean birth delivery in the current practice scenario. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2014;3(3):575-80.
23. Srivastava S, Chaursaia H, Singh KHJK et al. Exploring the spatial patterns of cesarean section delivery in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2020;8:414-22.
24. Gangwar R, Chaudhary S. Caesarean Section for Foetal Distress and Correlation with Perinatal Outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2016;66(1):177-180.
25. Desai G, Anand A, Modi D, Shah S, Shah K, Shah A, et al. Rates, indications, and outcomes of caesarean section deliveries: A comparison of tribal and non-tribal women in Gujarat, India. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189260.
26. Abebe FE, Gebeyehu AW, Kidane AN, Eyassu GA. Factors leading to cesarean section delivery at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review. Reprod Health.2016;13(1):6.
27. Mittal S, Pardeshi S, Mayadeo N, Mane J. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India.2014;64(4):251–254.
28. Ethiraj, G., Ramachandra, A., & Rajan, S. Induction of Labor and Risk for Emergency Cesarean Section in Women at Term Pregnancy. Journal Of Clinical Gynecology And Obstetrics.2019;8(1),17-20.
29. Elvedi-Gasparović V, Klepac-Pulanić T, Peter B. Maternal and fetal outcome in elective versus emergency caesarean section in a developing country. Coll Antropol.2006;30(1):113-8.
30. Leung WC, Pun TC, Wong WM. Undiagnosed breech revisited. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.1999;106(7):638–41.
31. Wastlund D, Moraitis AA, Dacey A, Sovio U, Wilson ECF, Smith GCS.Screening for breech presentation using universal late-pregnancy ultrasonography: A prospective cohort study and cost effectiveness analysis. PLoS Med.2019;16(4): 1-16.
32. Sultana A, Faisal M, Iqbal R, Javaid K, Khalid MB, Khalid MA. Indications of Emergency vs Elective Cesarean Section: Cross-sectional Study done at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae.2017;9(1):14-17.
33. Gibbons C, O'Herlihy C, Murphy JF. Umbilical cord prolapse--changing patterns and improved outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG.2014;121(13):1705-8.
34. Sayed Ahmed WA, Hamdy MA. Optimal management of umbilical cord prolapse. Int J Womens Health.2018;10:459-465.
35. Pillai SA, Vaidyanathan G, Al-Shukri M, AlDughaishi TR, Tazneem S, Khan D, El-Tayeb S and Mathew M. Decisions to perform emergency caesarean sections at a university hospital: do obstetricians agree? Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J.2016;16:42-46.
How to Cite
N, S., KM, H., Ch.Kedar Karthik, Reddy, E., Reddy, C., & Reddy, G. S. (2021). “Rate and Indications of Emergency Caesarean Section: A Retrospective Study”. Obs Gyne Review: Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology, 7(5), 42-49. Retrieved from https://obstetrics.medresearch.in/index.php/joog/article/view/145
Section
Original Article
Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
Therapoid
