Pregnancy outcome among gestational diabetes mellitus patients
Abstract
Background and Aim: Though not all babies have birth defects there is still a high probability of congenital defects if the glucose level is not under control during pregnancy and also increased morbidity in terms of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndrome warranting NICU admissions. The objective of this study was to find out the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods: An observational study was conducted among 400 pregnant women who came for antenatal checkups attending the OPD of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, the tertiary care institute of Gujarat, from June 2012 to November 2013. A detailed history including maternal age, parity, BMI, and clinical examination along with antenatal checkup was done.
Results: Out of 400 antenatal women tested for OGTT using 75 grams of glucose, about 12.75% (51) of antenatal women developed GDM. Out of 51 GDM mothers, about 10% ie.,5 antenatal women had pregnancy-induced hypertension and only 2 developed polyhydramnios and preterm delivery in 11.76% of antenatal women with GDM Out of 51 babies, 19.6% of them had respiratory distress syndrome, 7.8% of the babies requiring NICU admissions because of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocalcemia.
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus was once thought to be a mild condition but now it carries significant short-term and long-term implications for the women and their offspring. Screening for diabetes is mandatory in preventing complications as strict glycemic control is necessary for preventing macrosomia and unexplained stillbirths.
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