Cervical cancer screening: current perspective
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. First priority to reduce deaths from cervical cancers is to implement high quality, fully organised screening programmes without delay. Knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap testing influences uptake of cervical cancer screening services. Screening and treatment for precancerous lesions is a more cost-effective intervention compared to management of invasive cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus is the etiologic agent of virtually all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. All women 30 years and older should be routinely screened &screening should continue until the age of 65 years. By reducing the smear interval from 5 to 3 years in the age group < 50 years, the risk reduction for cervical cancer could be improved. About 16% of the world′s total cases occur in india. At current incidence rates, the annual burden of new cases in India is projected to increase to 225,000 by 2025. However,the screening coverage in india is low upto 2.6-5 percent.Of all the screening tests available, the three main screening procedures commonly employed are Papanicolaou smears (Pap smears), visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV testing . It has also been worked out that ‘once in a lifetime’ screening would result in reduction of 20-30% of the lifetime risk of cervical cancer. Health education is the most cost-effective approach in reducing the incidence of cervical carcinoma in developing countries like India.
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