Comparison of serum calcium and magnesium between pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnant women:a prospective stud
Keywords:
Preeclamptic, Serum Calcium, Normotensive, Serum Magnesium
Abstract
Background: A large percentage of maternal mortality is related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The etiology of preeclampsia is uncertain with imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilators leading to vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction. Magnesium and Calcium plays a role in vascular smooth muscle contraction and thus regulating blood pressure.
Aim: We compared the serum level of Calcium and Magnesium of preeclamptic women with normotensive women at SRMS-IMS, Bareilly.
Method: 30 preeclamptic patient between 18-35 years with BP>140/90mmHg and gestation age >30 weeks were selected. Blood sample were taken for serum calcium and magnesium level and the results were compared with 20 normotensives pregnant.
Result: Mean serum Calcium and Magnesium level in preeclamptic woman was 9.00± 0.47 and 1.90±0.31 mg/dl, respectively. Mean serum Calcium and Magnesium in normal pregnant woman was 9.12±0.37 and 1.92±0.23mg/dl, respectively. There was statistically no significant difference with p value of 0.34 and 1.00, respectively.
Conclusion: Serum Calcium and Magnesiumlevelwere observed to be same in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Cunningham FG. Maternalphysiology. In: Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Haulti JC, Gilstre PL, Wenstrom KD, editors. Textbook of William obstetrics 24thed. New Yord: McGraw Hill;2014 pp 46-77.
2. Cunningham FG. Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. In: Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Haulti JC, Gilstre PL, Wenstrom KD, editor, Textboook of William obstetrics 24thed. New Yord: McGraw Hill; 2014 pp728-779.
3. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9.
4. Park K: Park,s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine: Preventive Medicine in obstetrics, paediatrics and Geriatrics-Indicator of MCH care; 24thed; 2017: 592-598.
5. Owusu Darkwa E, Antwi-Boasiako C, Djagbletey R, et. al Serum magnesium and calcium in preeclampsia: a comparative study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. doi: 10.2147/IBPC. S129106. eCollection 2017.
6. Dwivedi S, Bermen US, Sharma D: Mineral level in women with preeclampsia in third trimester of pregnancy. J. Clin Biomed Sci 2016;(6)1028-32.
7. Sarma P, Gambhir S. Theraputic uses of magnesium. Indian j Pharmacol. 2005; 27:7-13.
8. Villar J, Abdel-Aleem H, Merialdi M, et al. World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supple-mentation among low calciumintake pregnant women. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.068
9. Golmohammed S, Amirabilou A, Yazadian M, Pashapour N. Evaluation of serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc levels in women with preeclampsia. Iran J Med Sci. 2008; 33(4): 231-234.
10. Einarsson JI, Sangi- Haghpeykar H, Gardner MO. Sperm exposure and development of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 May;188(5):1241-3.
11. Sadat Z, AbedzadehKalahroudi M, Saberi F. The effect of short duration sperm exposure on development of preeclampsia in primigravid women. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012 Jan;14(1):20-4. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
12. Stone JL, Lockwood CJ, Berkowitz GS, et al. Risk factors for severe preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Mar; 83(3):357-61.
13. Bodnar LM, Ness RB, Markovic N, Roberts JM. The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index. DOI:10. 1016/j.annepidem. 2004. 12.008
14. Kanagal DV, Rajesh A, Rao K, et al. Levels of Serum Calcium and Magnesium in Pre-eclamptic and Normal Pregnancy: A Study from Coastal India. DOI:10. 7860 / JCDR / 2014/8872.4537
15. Akhtar S, Begum S, Ferdousi S. Calcium and Zinc deficiency in Preeclamptic women. J Bangldesh Soc Hysiol. 2011: 6(2): 94-9.
16. Sissi C, Palumbo M. Effects of magnesium and related divalent metal ions in topoisomerase structure and function. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp024. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
17. Walsh SB, Zdebik AA, Unwin RJ. Magnesium: The Disregarded Cation. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.06.011.
18. Potter JD, Robertson SP, Johnson JD. Magnesium and the regulation of muscle contraction. Fed Proc. 1981 Oct; 40(12):2653-6.
19. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. DOI:10.1007/s00404-004-0672-4
20. Punthumapol C, Kittichotpanich B. Serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008 Jul;91(7):968-73
21. Iseri LT, French JH. Magnesium: nature's physiologic calcium blocker. Am Heart J. 1984 Jul;108(1):188-93.
22. Houston MC, Harper KJ. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium: their role in both the cause and treatment of hypertension.vJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 Jul;10 (7 Suppl 2):3-11.
23. Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Gruenspan H, et al. Hypertension and peripheral insulin resistance. Possible mediating role of intracellular free magnesium. Am J Hypertens. 1990 May;3(5 Pt 1):373-9
24. Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, et al. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Newyork. Vitamin C and E to prevent complication of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med.2010; 362 (14):1282-1291.
25. Catov JM, Nohr EA, Bodnar LM, et al. Association of periconceptional multivitamin use with reduced risk of preeclampsia among normal-weight women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwp052
26. Makrides M, Crosby DD, Bain E, Crowther CA. Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy. DOI:10.1002 / 14651858.CD000937.pub2
27. Jain S, Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, et al. The role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in pre-eclampsia. DOI:10. 1007/s12011-009-8423-9
28. Nutrition during pregnancy: Part I Weight gain: Part II Nutrient supplement. Washington (DC): National Academic Press (US);1990.15,trace element.
29. Levine RJ, Hauth JC, Curet LB, et al. Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia. DOI:10.1056/NEJM1997071033 70201
30. Hojo M, August P. Calcium Metabolism in Preeclampsia: Supplementation May Help. Medscape Womens Health. 1997 Jan;2(1):5.
31. Kumru S, Aydin S, Simsek M, et al.Comparison of serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. DOI:10. 1385/ BTER: 94:2:105
32. Ugwaja El, Famurewa AC, Ikaraho Cl. Comparison of Serum Calcium and Magnesium between Preeclamptic and Normotensive pregnant Nigerian women in Abakaliki Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res.2016; 6(1): 33-37.
33. Adewolu OF. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in women with pregnancy induced hypertension and preeclampsia in Oredo local government Benin metropolis: A pilot study. Afr J Med Health Sci. 12:1-5
34. Bera S, Siuli RA, Gupta S, et al. Study of serum electrolytes in pregnancy induced hypertension. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Aug;109(8):546-8.
35. Ephraim RKD, Osakunor DNM, Denkyira SW et al. Serum calcium and magnesium level in women presenting with preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension: a case control study in a cape coast metropolis, Ghana; BMC preg. and childbirth 2014, 14:390.
2. Cunningham FG. Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. In: Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Haulti JC, Gilstre PL, Wenstrom KD, editor, Textboook of William obstetrics 24thed. New Yord: McGraw Hill; 2014 pp728-779.
3. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9.
4. Park K: Park,s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine: Preventive Medicine in obstetrics, paediatrics and Geriatrics-Indicator of MCH care; 24thed; 2017: 592-598.
5. Owusu Darkwa E, Antwi-Boasiako C, Djagbletey R, et. al Serum magnesium and calcium in preeclampsia: a comparative study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. doi: 10.2147/IBPC. S129106. eCollection 2017.
6. Dwivedi S, Bermen US, Sharma D: Mineral level in women with preeclampsia in third trimester of pregnancy. J. Clin Biomed Sci 2016;(6)1028-32.
7. Sarma P, Gambhir S. Theraputic uses of magnesium. Indian j Pharmacol. 2005; 27:7-13.
8. Villar J, Abdel-Aleem H, Merialdi M, et al. World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supple-mentation among low calciumintake pregnant women. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.068
9. Golmohammed S, Amirabilou A, Yazadian M, Pashapour N. Evaluation of serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc levels in women with preeclampsia. Iran J Med Sci. 2008; 33(4): 231-234.
10. Einarsson JI, Sangi- Haghpeykar H, Gardner MO. Sperm exposure and development of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 May;188(5):1241-3.
11. Sadat Z, AbedzadehKalahroudi M, Saberi F. The effect of short duration sperm exposure on development of preeclampsia in primigravid women. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012 Jan;14(1):20-4. Epub 2012 Jan 1.
12. Stone JL, Lockwood CJ, Berkowitz GS, et al. Risk factors for severe preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Mar; 83(3):357-61.
13. Bodnar LM, Ness RB, Markovic N, Roberts JM. The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index. DOI:10. 1016/j.annepidem. 2004. 12.008
14. Kanagal DV, Rajesh A, Rao K, et al. Levels of Serum Calcium and Magnesium in Pre-eclamptic and Normal Pregnancy: A Study from Coastal India. DOI:10. 7860 / JCDR / 2014/8872.4537
15. Akhtar S, Begum S, Ferdousi S. Calcium and Zinc deficiency in Preeclamptic women. J Bangldesh Soc Hysiol. 2011: 6(2): 94-9.
16. Sissi C, Palumbo M. Effects of magnesium and related divalent metal ions in topoisomerase structure and function. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp024. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
17. Walsh SB, Zdebik AA, Unwin RJ. Magnesium: The Disregarded Cation. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.06.011.
18. Potter JD, Robertson SP, Johnson JD. Magnesium and the regulation of muscle contraction. Fed Proc. 1981 Oct; 40(12):2653-6.
19. Sukonpan K, Phupong V. Serum calcium and serum magnesium in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. DOI:10.1007/s00404-004-0672-4
20. Punthumapol C, Kittichotpanich B. Serum calcium, magnesium and uric acid in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008 Jul;91(7):968-73
21. Iseri LT, French JH. Magnesium: nature's physiologic calcium blocker. Am Heart J. 1984 Jul;108(1):188-93.
22. Houston MC, Harper KJ. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium: their role in both the cause and treatment of hypertension.vJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 Jul;10 (7 Suppl 2):3-11.
23. Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Gruenspan H, et al. Hypertension and peripheral insulin resistance. Possible mediating role of intracellular free magnesium. Am J Hypertens. 1990 May;3(5 Pt 1):373-9
24. Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, et al. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Newyork. Vitamin C and E to prevent complication of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med.2010; 362 (14):1282-1291.
25. Catov JM, Nohr EA, Bodnar LM, et al. Association of periconceptional multivitamin use with reduced risk of preeclampsia among normal-weight women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwp052
26. Makrides M, Crosby DD, Bain E, Crowther CA. Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy. DOI:10.1002 / 14651858.CD000937.pub2
27. Jain S, Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, et al. The role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in pre-eclampsia. DOI:10. 1007/s12011-009-8423-9
28. Nutrition during pregnancy: Part I Weight gain: Part II Nutrient supplement. Washington (DC): National Academic Press (US);1990.15,trace element.
29. Levine RJ, Hauth JC, Curet LB, et al. Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia. DOI:10.1056/NEJM1997071033 70201
30. Hojo M, August P. Calcium Metabolism in Preeclampsia: Supplementation May Help. Medscape Womens Health. 1997 Jan;2(1):5.
31. Kumru S, Aydin S, Simsek M, et al.Comparison of serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women. DOI:10. 1385/ BTER: 94:2:105
32. Ugwaja El, Famurewa AC, Ikaraho Cl. Comparison of Serum Calcium and Magnesium between Preeclamptic and Normotensive pregnant Nigerian women in Abakaliki Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res.2016; 6(1): 33-37.
33. Adewolu OF. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in women with pregnancy induced hypertension and preeclampsia in Oredo local government Benin metropolis: A pilot study. Afr J Med Health Sci. 12:1-5
34. Bera S, Siuli RA, Gupta S, et al. Study of serum electrolytes in pregnancy induced hypertension. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Aug;109(8):546-8.
35. Ephraim RKD, Osakunor DNM, Denkyira SW et al. Serum calcium and magnesium level in women presenting with preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension: a case control study in a cape coast metropolis, Ghana; BMC preg. and childbirth 2014, 14:390.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/joog.2018.i02.02
Published: 2018-06-30
How to Cite
Sah, S., & Kishan Goel, J. (2018). Comparison of serum calcium and magnesium between pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnant women:a prospective stud. Obs Gyne Review: Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology, 4(2), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.17511/joog.2018.i02.02
Section
Original Article
Copyright (c) 2018 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
OAI - Open Archives Initiative
Therapoid
